tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30465047314602071822024-03-05T04:37:21.541-08:00ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT !!!Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-88490822560868152802021-05-27T06:07:00.004-07:002021-06-03T07:57:25.335-07:00LAND DEGRADATION AND ITS IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN THE NIGERIAN GUINEA SAVANNAH: INSIGHTS FOR SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicQkDQMxYgM5Fghh5dYo_TLOAvldSUuPMP1LJnvYsjGYtl_wsWTjS4i4gjudrCL5P8gjOzlwy8wrJtaiytWkVL7GBKjBuvON3_5OEyu38-ix4PMbZc5vesOIPiZngB-Bq1s_X1zFYZeaf7/s1581/2021_05_27_15_02_34_Calculator.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="867" data-original-width="1581" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicQkDQMxYgM5Fghh5dYo_TLOAvldSUuPMP1LJnvYsjGYtl_wsWTjS4i4gjudrCL5P8gjOzlwy8wrJtaiytWkVL7GBKjBuvON3_5OEyu38-ix4PMbZc5vesOIPiZngB-Bq1s_X1zFYZeaf7/w400-h206/2021_05_27_15_02_34_Calculator.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-5554163333171255002021-05-03T04:38:00.003-07:002021-05-03T04:41:31.214-07:00<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Land degradation (LD) is worsening in the Nigerian Guinea Savanah (<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Adenle et al., 2020)</span></div></div></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxnL0KHfifrqF5Il4HSQxlG_e1m_33sJmJbzydCbJLbI-B2zQ1KMyIu8d2DjfFO_mskNA-hGT4crerwwSAeXQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div><br /></div>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQ-UhaTlXZA<br /> <p></p><gdiv id="ginger-floatingG-container" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG ginger-floatingG-closed" style="display: none;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-disabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Enable Ginger</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-offline-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip"><em>Cannot connect to Ginger</em> Check your internet connection<br /> or reload the browser</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-enabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-disable"><ga></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Disable in this text field</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-rephrase ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-rephrase_big-circle"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-rephrase__btn" id="ginger__floatingG-bar-tool-rephrase__btn">Rephrase</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip_rephrase">Rephrase current sentence</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes"><ga><span class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes-count"></span></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Edit in Ginger</gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-wrap"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-close">×</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-frame"><iframe scrolling="no"></iframe></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv><gdiv id="ginger-floatingG-container" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG ginger-floatingG-closed" style="display: none;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-disabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Enable Ginger</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-offline-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip"><em>Cannot connect to Ginger</em> Check your internet connection<br /> or reload the browser</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-enabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-disable"><ga></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Disable in this text field</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-rephrase ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-rephrase_big-circle"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-rephrase__btn" id="ginger__floatingG-bar-tool-rephrase__btn">Rephrase</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip_rephrase">Rephrase current sentence</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes"><ga><span class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes-count"></span></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Edit in Ginger</gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-wrap"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-close">×</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-frame"><iframe scrolling="no"></iframe></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv>Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-27960549370606228582020-12-24T11:12:00.003-08:002020-12-25T00:26:09.467-08:00Social–Ecological Archetypes of Land Degradation in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah: Insights for Sustainable Land Management<p><br /></p><p style="text-align: center;">Ademola A. Adenle and Chinwe Ifejika Speranza</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The Nigerian Guinea Savannah is the most extensive ecoregion in Nigeria, a major food production area, and contains many biodiversity protection areas. However, there is limited understanding of the social-ecological features of its degraded lands and potential insights for sustainable land management and governance. To fill this gap, the self-organizing map method was applied to identify the archetypes of both proximal and underlying drivers of land degradation in this region. Using 12 freely available spatial datasets of drivers of land degradation—4 environmental; 3 socioeconomic; and 5 land-use management practices, the identified archetypes were intersected with the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived land-degradation status of the region, and the state administrative boundaries. Nine archetypes were identified. Archetypes are dominated by: (1) protected areas; (2) very high-density population; (3) moderately high information/knowledge access; (4) low literacy levels and moderate-high poverty levels; (5) rural remoteness; (6) remoteness from a major road; (7) very high livestock density; (8) moderate poverty level and nearly level terrain; and (9) very rugged terrain and remote from a major road. Four archetypes characterized by very high-density population, moderate-high information/knowledge access, and moderate-high poverty level, as well as remoteness from a major town, were associated with 61.3% large-area degradation; and the other five archetypes, covering 38.7% of the area, were responsible for small-area degradation. While different combinations of archetypes exist in all the states, the five states of Niger (40.5%), Oyo (29.6%), Kwara (24.4%), Nassarawa (18.6%), and Ekiti (17.6%), have the largest shares of the archetypes. To deal with these archetypical features, policies and practices that address increasing population in combination with poverty reduction; and that create awareness about land degradation and promote sustainable practices and various forms of land restoration, such as tree planting, are necessary for progressing towards land-degradation neutrality in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/32 </p><p style="text-align: justify;">https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13010032</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/1/32/htm">Remote Sensing | Free Full-Text | Social-Ecological Archetypes of Land Degradation in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah: Insights for Sustainable Land Management | HTML (mdpi.com)</a></p><gdiv id="ginger-floatingG-container" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG ginger-floatingG-closed" style="display: none;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-disabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Enable Ginger</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-offline-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip"><em>Cannot connect to Ginger</em> Check your internet connection<br /> or reload the browser</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-enabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-disable"><ga></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Disable in this text field</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-edit">Edit</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Edit in Ginger</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes"><ga><span class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes-count"></span></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Edit in Ginger</gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-wrap"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-close">×</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-frame"><iframe scrolling="no"></iframe></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv><gdiv id="ginger-floatingG-container" style="left: 0px; 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position: absolute; top: 0px;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG ginger-floatingG-closed" style="display: none;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-disabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Enable Ginger</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-offline-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip"><em>Cannot connect to Ginger</em> Check your internet connection<br /> or reload the browser</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-enabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-disable"><ga></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Disable in this text field</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-edit">Edit</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Edit in Ginger</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes"><ga><span class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes-count"></span></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Edit in Ginger</gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-wrap"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-close">×</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-frame"><iframe scrolling="no"></iframe></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv><iframe class="ginger-extension-definitionpopup" style="display: none;"></iframe>Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-24516576906131336282020-07-29T22:22:00.003-07:002020-07-29T22:31:38.729-07:00Insights for policy-based conservation strategies for the Rio de la Plata Grasslands through the IPBES framework<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Gorosábel, Antonella, Estigarribia, Lucrecia, Lopes, Luis Filipe, Martinez, Ana Maria, Martínez-Lanfranco, Juan Andrés, Adenle, Ademola Andrew, Rivera-Rebella, Carla, & Oyinlola, Muhammed A.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Abstract: The Río de la Plata Grasslands (RPG) are one of the most modified biomes in the world. Changes in land use and cover affect the RPG’s rich biodiversity. In particular, the expansion of crops, overgrazing, afforestation, and the introduction of exotic species pose a major threat to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES). In this study, we applied the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) conceptual framework as a new lens to approach biodiversity conservation enactments in the RPG. First, we systematically reviewed published scientific literature to identify direct and indirect drivers that affect the RPG’s BES. Further, we conducted an extensive analysis of management policies affecting the BES directly in the region, at a national and international level. We conclude by offering recommendations for policy and praxis under the umbrella of the IPBES framework.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6uiwt02S_9j8SjRHtHsbNSeCwo0hnz_HNzB9JIy_pmvjRvPg_s4EGXvp5v5JggIfUVnWSD04H6xLJNQNRv1oXFqwHjBMB6dhyNRI80Yietxx9xqL1tx9V_C5xDsrlhaLPgxX5IQipj2M_/s1000/IPBES.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1000" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6uiwt02S_9j8SjRHtHsbNSeCwo0hnz_HNzB9JIy_pmvjRvPg_s4EGXvp5v5JggIfUVnWSD04H6xLJNQNRv1oXFqwHjBMB6dhyNRI80Yietxx9xqL1tx9V_C5xDsrlhaLPgxX5IQipj2M_/s320/IPBES.png" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>Keywords: Land Use Change; Biodiversity; Ecosystem Services; Drivers, Nature’s Contributions to People.</div><gdiv id="ginger-floatingG-container" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG ginger-floatingG-closed" style="display: none;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-disabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Enable Ginger</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-offline-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip"><em>Cannot connect to Ginger</em> Check your internet connection<br /> or reload the browser</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-enabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-disable"><ga></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Disable in this text field</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-edit">Edit</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Edit in Ginger</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes"><ga><span class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes-count"></span></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Edit in Ginger</gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-wrap"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-close">×</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-frame"><iframe scrolling="no"></iframe></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv><gdiv id="ginger-floatingG-container" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG ginger-floatingG-closed" style="display: none;"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-disabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Enable Ginger</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-offline-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip"><em>Cannot connect to Ginger</em> Check your internet connection<br /> or reload the browser</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-enabled-main"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-disable"><ga></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Disable in this text field</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-edit">Edit</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Edit in Ginger</gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes"><ga><span class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-mistakes-count"></span></ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-bar-tool-tooltip">Edit in Ginger</gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup"><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-wrap"><ga class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-close">×</ga><gdiv class="ginger-floatingG-contentPopup-frame"><iframe scrolling="no"></iframe></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv></gdiv>Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-91524847876372497002020-07-07T02:54:00.000-07:002020-07-07T03:03:14.355-07:00Human-induced land degradation dominance in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah between 2003 – 2018<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h2 class="section-title u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; font-family: nexusserif, georgia, "times new roman", times, stixgeneral, "cambria math", "lucida sans unicode", "microsoft sans serif", "segoe ui symbol", "arial unicode ms", serif; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.333; margin: 32px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
Ademola A.Adenle SandraEckert Chinwe IfejikaSperanza Oluwatola I.Adedeji DavidElliso</h2>
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<span style="font-weight: normal;"> Abstract</span></h2>
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Land degradation poses a persistent challenge to ecosystems and sustainable livelihoods in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah (NGS). While both human activity and climate variability have been implicated as degradation drivers, the lack of research fuels dispute over the status of land degradation in the Savannah and its drivers. Detailed correction evidence on the contributions of rainfall and human activities to land degradation can, however, help identify appropriate measures to address land degradation. MODIS vegetation “greenness” and TAMSAT rainfall data were employed to achieve the following objectives: (i) provide empirical insights on the pattern of savannah vegetation dynamics; (ii) control for rainfall effects in Savannah degradation; (iii) characterize the extent, severity and geography of human-induced land degradation. The selected statistical techniques proved useful for highlighting the spatio-temporal dynamics of degradation in the NGS. Controlling for the effect of rainfall on vegetation greenness produces a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) residual that allows to estimate the human impact on land degradation. Despite no indication of a worsening rainfall regime, inter-annual variation in vegetation greenness exhibits a consistently negative, declining trend. This continuous, negative, declining trend in the NDVI residual strongly suggests ongoing biomass loss in the NGS is the result of unsustainable human activity. Observed improvement is attributable to existing land management programmes (afforestation and the planting of drought tolerant species) initiated by states in the zone. In sum, approximately 38% of the NGS land area, including protected areas such as Kainji Lake National Park, are becoming more degraded, while 14% and 48% of the remaining area shows either improvement or no real change, respectively. These results serve as a baseline information resource for tracking future land use activities, land degradation and potential pathways for achieving more sustainable land management.</div>
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<a aria-label="Persistent link using digital object identifier" class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2020.100360" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #e9711c; font-family: NexusSans, Arial, Helvetica, "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Microsoft Sans Serif", "Segoe UI Symbol", STIXGeneral, "Cambria Math", "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; word-break: break-word;" target="_blank" title="Persistent link using digital object identifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2020.100360</a></div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-64245318560377083082019-11-19T21:47:00.002-08:002019-11-19T21:50:21.475-08:00Impressions from Fieldwork on Land degradation in Nigeria<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.2px;">Among other things in Nigeria, land degradation and its impact is social-economic and ecological threatening, particularly in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah (NGS) zone of the country. This is why Adenle Ademola A. <gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-3" id="gwmw-15742290192000004437241">(</gwmw>Ph.D student) is focusing his research on assessing Land Degradation and its Impacts on Ecosystem Services in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah with a special focus on Insights for Sustainable Land Management. The study questions were to be analyzed using a hybrid method of remote sensing techniques along with surveys, focus group discussions and interviews to collect data, which was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed to capture degradation episodes in the Nigerian Guinea savannah. The necessitated fieldwork was conducted for six months between January, 2019 - June, 2019.</span></div>
Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-61012593542404976612019-01-17T01:11:00.000-08:002020-07-07T02:58:08.543-07:00Land Degradation Neutrality - Potentials for its Operationalisation at Multilevels in Nigeria<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="fontstyle0">Chinwe Ifejika Speranza, Ademola Adenle, Sébastien Boillat</span> </div>
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This paper examines the operability of the Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) concept in a developing country context illustrated with the case of Nigeria, a country highly ranked as undergoing biomass degradation. While LDNoffers an approach to monitor land degradation, through net-gain in land cover, land productivity and soil organic carbon, its <gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477161639003224114538"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477173235417722232992">operationalisation poses methodological, implementation</gwmw></gwmw><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-3" id="gwmw-15477161687737540151623"></gwmw><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-3" id="gwmw-15477173235418577271251"></gwmw> and governance challenges. Based on a review of literature, available spatial <gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477161487727053759260"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477173121698772874285"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477655909838763713948">datasets</gwmw></gwmw></gwmw> and the analysis of national policies, we examine the dynamics of land degradation and the prospects of LDN in Nigeria. We identify land pollution and gully erosion as further relevant indicators for LDN in the Nigerian context. We found that current institutional arrangements are largely <gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477160871347235370728"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477173141072299572955">unconducive and incoherent for operationalising</gwmw></gwmw><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477160871348280505018"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477173141073743677120"></gwmw> </gwmw>LDN. Despite Nigeria’s international commitments, current national policies with relevance to LDN are vague and fragmented, based on several old laws, and have important gaps for monitoring due to inadequate data, skills and expertise, inadequate coordination, and the lack of national LDN baselines. The limited power of the national environmental <gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-3" id="gwmw-15477162910768137888792">agency, and</gwmw> the lack of political will to change this situation compound the challenges. However, two promising entry points for <gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477160917570444479791"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477173198530143092099">operationalising LDN include incentivizing and monitoring</gwmw></gwmw><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477163090596821538749"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477173198535012997358"></gwmw></gwmw> Sustainable Land Management practices (SLM) of local resource users according to <gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477163090590091201596"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477173198530608207641"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477656199260853009523">agro</gwmw></gwmw></gwmw>-ecological zones, and <gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477163090593933064678"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477173198532170067691"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477656199263881935231">mainstreaming</gwmw></gwmw></gwmw> SLM into initiatives in its agriculture and environment sectors<gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-3" id="gwmw-15477656199262646307000">.</gwmw>These insights can inform the <gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477160946698926651886"><gwmw class="ginger-module-highlighter-mistake-type-1" id="gwmw-15477173204724662261405">operationalisation</gwmw></gwmw> of LDN in other African countries.</div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-80592690138601732032017-06-18T09:04:00.000-07:002020-07-07T03:00:07.662-07:00Micro-level social vulnerability assessment towards climate change adaptation in semi-arid Ghana, West Africa<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="authors__name" itemprop="name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Biola K. Badmos, </span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="authors__name" itemprop="name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Ademola A. Adenle, </span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="authors__name" itemprop="name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sampson K. Agodzo, </span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="authors__name" itemprop="name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Grace B. Villamor, </span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="authors__name" itemprop="name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Daniel K. Asare-Kyei</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="authors__name" itemprop="name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Laouali M. Amadou, </span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="authors__name" itemprop="name" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Samuel N. Odai</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , serif; letter-spacing: 0.102px;">This study determined the social vulnerability index (SoVI) of households to climate change impacts for three identified locations (upper, mid and lower) in the Vea catchment, semi-arid Ghana. This study adapted the social, economic and demographic indicator approach. The data used were obtained from a survey of 186 randomly sampled farm households and direct field measurements of 738 farm plots belonging to the same sampled farm households. Information from the literature, expert judgement and principal component analysis were useful for computing and analysing the SoVI. The variables were normalized, weighted and subsequently recombined to determine the index of the three locations towards climate change. Although the SoVI to climate change was highest (0.77) for the upper part of the catchment, the mid- and lower parts of the catchment show a high SoVI of 0.72 each. The overall SoVI for the catchment is 0.73. The study re-emphasizes the high vulnerability level of dry areas to climate change. Moreover, it shows there is variability at micro-scale. There is a need to put appropriate measures to address the vulnerability of households to climate change in the semi-arid areas of West Africa. Factors aggravating dry land’s vulnerability towards climate change should be prevented with implementable policies. Furthermore, it is important to identify conditions that have made some areas less vulnerable to climate change, and then, we can work out the possibility of adapting such to the vulnerable places.</span></div>
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Cite this article as:<span style="background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , serif; letter-spacing: 0.102px;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: #fcfcfc; color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , serif; letter-spacing: 0.102px;">Downloadable Via </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , serif; letter-spacing: 0.102px;">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-017-9988-7?wt_mc=Internal.Event.1.SEM.ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst </span></div>
<dd id="citethis-text" style="background-color: #fcfcfc; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; line-height: 1.5625; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="color: #333333; font-family: "source sans pro", helvetica, arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.238px;">
Badmos, B.K., Adenle, A.A., Agodzo, S.K. et al. Environ Dev Sustain (2017). doi:10.1007/s10668-017-9988-7</div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-41318479634846952722016-07-21T05:50:00.002-07:002016-07-21T06:05:21.388-07:00A Participatory Appraisal of Dry Season Fadama Farming as an Adaptation Measure To Climate Change and Variability In Southern Guinea Zone of Nigeria<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;">The use of </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="317a0edf-37a9-4474-a5a0-24a0506053f6" id="c3c13d73-434f-46da-8454-7491d748c492" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="41cfa82e-1913-486c-80ad-63be5895b70e" id="ea5df353-e7f1-4ea4-844f-b397160d4b87">fadama</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> particularly for dry season farming in many parts of Nigeria incited the study to assess the possibility of dry season </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="317a0edf-37a9-4474-a5a0-24a0506053f6" id="7d969d11-4e5e-4b0e-9d66-7ec80470b2c5" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="41cfa82e-1913-486c-80ad-63be5895b70e" id="b3d96407-7122-48b2-a4b0-66748d501995">fadama</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> as a viable measure to adjust to the impacts of climate change in a rain-fed agriculture system like Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to evaluate the status of </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="15f3e4c6-0a90-4c62-9d69-93ff41e4e824" id="c3c2ffdf-69f3-4efb-8110-07a863977040" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="be99b205-1963-41b5-ba20-3b742c3a2cf2" id="d3deea12-ace1-415f-b6cf-b8c9c1ea76d2">fadama</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> land during the dry season, its threats, opportunities, strengths, and critical weaknesses. Selected </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="529bd0e4-82d8-4989-937d-8dd9edf7af7f" id="72aecfcc-1e8c-4cfd-a393-11988ce445d5" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="e4721782-91ed-4e0a-b1b7-ad9ebc777983" id="067cd945-a056-4bbf-bcda-267b1f20d561">fadama</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> farming communities in four local government areas of </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="529bd0e4-82d8-4989-937d-8dd9edf7af7f" id="5928a9bb-88d9-4794-a3ca-92869555fe5e" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="e4721782-91ed-4e0a-b1b7-ad9ebc777983" id="fb80ea54-4c3f-40a9-8ad1-89150d111e18">Agaie</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;">, Katcha Lapia and Lavun in Niger state were considered. The study integrated SWOT analysis scheme with the basic tools of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The study identified </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d367c46-0b05-424a-8600-f75a2c0d06a0" id="d1f1eabd-2132-4df2-9cb3-cbba8b71b1bd" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="38c6aaf5-e8ce-4ea6-804c-f6b93eba548d" id="6c30ed0e-de72-42a0-8798-2a6cc69d4724">decline</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> in tree cover, loss of </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d367c46-0b05-424a-8600-f75a2c0d06a0" id="ed92ca68-a08d-437c-9ce2-129ee5b7c52f" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="38c6aaf5-e8ce-4ea6-804c-f6b93eba548d" id="84db1ffe-c532-4ae0-986c-b49b142194ce">fadama</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> wetness and fertility loss as well as drier conditions of </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d367c46-0b05-424a-8600-f75a2c0d06a0" id="931af118-312c-4687-9514-c70dc8fcc1e6" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="38c6aaf5-e8ce-4ea6-804c-f6b93eba548d" id="1c67b2e3-8f25-46bd-9f65-e90a376b0622">fadama</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> as the highly rated critical changes occurring in </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d367c46-0b05-424a-8600-f75a2c0d06a0" id="70cbdcb0-4c51-46e1-ae70-248b2c20aa2f" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="38c6aaf5-e8ce-4ea6-804c-f6b93eba548d" id="42c5aafe-200f-4b97-ac62-0ef45b5790bc">fadama</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> that alters the </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d367c46-0b05-424a-8600-f75a2c0d06a0" id="a12d22f7-62b4-4b4b-b51c-aa75b2a6d648" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="38c6aaf5-e8ce-4ea6-804c-f6b93eba548d" id="290b107a-001f-408d-a445-708eeec00f75">adaptive</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> status of </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d367c46-0b05-424a-8600-f75a2c0d06a0" id="9ce57860-cadc-48a9-85ed-a1497aea4432" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="38c6aaf5-e8ce-4ea6-804c-f6b93eba548d" id="bb2fc815-d171-491c-95e4-8ec1a194e19d">fadama</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> land for dry season farming in the villages with 65%, 71.7%, 84.2 % and 81.8% mean percentages respectively. Finally, the study suggested considerations that are imperative for the adaptive use of </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="a0a84e9c-8f24-43f6-906a-83554ff6149b" id="6ed9f6a5-d6ce-4530-913b-77006a30dbf4" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="7a0d5570-8641-44bc-908d-92c81dd89e3e" id="6331e7da-f19a-4b0d-8a03-68e5c22e08c7">fadama</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> as </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="a0a84e9c-8f24-43f6-906a-83554ff6149b" id="1c92663a-39dc-4aff-a5da-a103dac3ab3e" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="7a0d5570-8641-44bc-908d-92c81dd89e3e" id="ac4040e6-38e8-4c60-9f80-bafbd7ec042b">response</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> to climate vagaries in the </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="a0a84e9c-8f24-43f6-906a-83554ff6149b" id="518b7a97-8419-4466-91e9-106bfa03e552" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="7a0d5570-8641-44bc-908d-92c81dd89e3e" id="a7118a25-eea1-41f6-a1ca-8e017c9cc4b5">zone which</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> ranges from proper land use/land cover management, ecological restoration as well as the solidification </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="a0a84e9c-8f24-43f6-906a-83554ff6149b" id="f3d98280-69e1-4adc-9bd5-f37cfc266cd8" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="7a0d5570-8641-44bc-908d-92c81dd89e3e" id="667ad7fd-16a5-4144-bb26-70989c575732">fadama</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> </span><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="a0a84e9c-8f24-43f6-906a-83554ff6149b" id="fcbfbf1e-3be6-48d4-9d05-7e5474038a13" style="color: #222222; font-family: roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="7a0d5570-8641-44bc-908d-92c81dd89e3e" id="81a8daf3-e3ca-45d6-a0fa-955620750fcf">programmes</gs></gs><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20.8px; text-align: justify;"> </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaOobNVtB9oov5tZm6_trA0283QyQsz-kwS0w5MIkbyYZ50uISUdrdCVfemY53CG0GlEVTlevutb2zoimf5SoJqrvjUYoyX8fcNeVT_KlQFqLJ7wPxlx28_vEVUpSQwIuit6y8qVtGQZ-k/s1600/fadama_2005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaOobNVtB9oov5tZm6_trA0283QyQsz-kwS0w5MIkbyYZ50uISUdrdCVfemY53CG0GlEVTlevutb2zoimf5SoJqrvjUYoyX8fcNeVT_KlQFqLJ7wPxlx28_vEVUpSQwIuit6y8qVtGQZ-k/s400/fadama_2005.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Downloadable Via <a href="http://media.wix.com/ugd/185b0a_a34c92f25747484cb959ece608261c48.pdf">http://media.wix.com/ugd/185b0a_a34c92f25747484cb959ece608261c48.pdf</a></div>
Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-4482685579911783112015-07-10T04:09:00.002-07:002015-07-10T04:14:41.938-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20px;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20px;">The first ten students of the Master Program Climate Change and Adapted Land Use received their Master‘s degree at the Federal University of Technology, Minna (Nigeria) on October 13, 2014. They are the first students to graduate from the </span>WASCAL<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20px;"> Graduate Studies Program. The celebration took place at the new </span>WASCAL<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 20px;"> CC & ALU building at the campus of FUT-Minna, which was inaugurated the same day.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">WASCAL MRP</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; text-align: justify;">Thirteenth (13th) October 2014 will remain a ‘memorable day’ in the history of </span>WASCAL<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; text-align: justify;"> CC&ALU hosted by the Federal University of Technology, Minna. The MRP scored a big first in the </span>WASCAL<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; text-align: justify;"> programme….sending forth the first set of </span>WASCAL<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; text-align: justify;"> graduates into the research community to give back to the world after the huge investment on them as scientists. Two years of hard work finally paid off.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">Our August dignitaries graced the occasion. Prof </span>Musbau<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> A. Akanji (the Vice-Chancellor of the Federal University of Technology, Minna) and his team of Principal Officers received the guests which comprised the Honorable Minister of Environment of Nigeria, who was very unavoidably absent but ably represented by Dr Jare Adejuwon, the Director of Climate Change Department in the Ministry; the German Ambassador to Nigeria who was ably represented by Mr Dirk Schulz; Chairman of </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> Board (Prof Haidara), </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> Board member representing Nigeria and Second Vice Chairman (Prof Osuntogun); Executive Director and his team (Dr Sedogo, Ouattara and Mr Ofori); The Vice Chancellor of FUTA ably represented by Prof Bayo Omotosho; representatives of our two German Partner Universities (Dr Thiel and Mrs Boutros, who is also the GRP/MRP Coordinator of </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">); members of </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> CC&ALU International Regional Advisory Board comprising Prof Bayo Omotosho (Director WACS FUTA), Dr Eric Forkuo (representing KNUST), Dr Georges Abbey (representing University of Lome), Mrs Christine K (from HBF representing the Civil Society), Dr Jare Adejuwon (representing Focal Ministry); members of FUT Minna Advisory Board led by the Dean of Postgraduate School, Prof (Mrs) Stella </span>Zubairu<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">; staff and students of </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> and representatives of the Press.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">The ‘big day’ tagged </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> DAY commenced with the ceremony marking the graduation of the 2012/2013 Batch of </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> CC&ALU students. While the sponsoring Ministry in Germany, BMBF was showered with gratitude for the foresight demonstrated through the </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> programme, congratulatory and encouraging messages were passed on to the students to be worthy Ambassadors of </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">. The commitment of the Nigerian Government to the successful implementation of </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> was emphasized by the Honourable Minister’s representative. To add glamour to the occasion, the traditional dancers, </span>Gwape<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> Troupe, invited to entertain the guests decided to invite dignitaries to the ‘shake body’ to the entertaining music. From there, the newly completed </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> CC&ALU building was commissioned. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"><br /></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">The guests were introduced to </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> by the Director CC&ALU at the reception, </span>while<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> along the corridors of this simple but beautiful building, A0 Size posters were exhibited showcasing the students’ research. Each student stood beside his/her poster to explain the content to the guests. During the luncheon organized to round up activities for the day, three students were recognized and presented with personalized plaques: Mr SANOGO, Karamoko (Most </span>improrved<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> student); Miss KIMA, Sophie A. (Best Research); and Mr ADENLE, Ademola Andrew (The Overall Best Student). The 2012/2013 Batch of </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> CC&ALU graduates </span>have<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> since left for their various countries as the very first ALUMNI of the programme. The Director of CC&ALU gratefully acknowledges the contribution of the University Management, guests and </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> staff and students to the success of the </span>WASCAL<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> DAY in FUT Minna.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">Useful links</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">icg4wascal.icg.kfa-juelich.de/nachrichten-en/wascal2018s-first-graduates-ten-students-successfully-completed-their-master2018s-degree-in-climate-change-and-adapted-land-use-at-fut-minna.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif;">http://www.futminna.edu.ng/index.php/news/item/87-wascal-graduates-10-students-minister-commissions-wascal-complex-graduation</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;"> .</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px; line-height: 19.2000007629395px;">http://www.environewsnigeria.com/fut-minna-produced-first-wascal-graduates/</span></span></div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-70319744108174893192014-01-27T23:31:00.001-08:002017-02-10T03:29:00.894-08:00campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/render?ca=60817039-c107-4c04-94de-3736aadc74b5&c=57c15c20-7830-11e3-9929-d4ae529a824a&ch=58767b50-7830-11e3-9947-d4ae529a824a<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Below is the link to my Work in REDD+<br />
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<strong>REDD+ Community Member Spotlight: Adenle Ademola Andrew<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE5LTQIkXA6E-j2w6iJ6sgs0RV1RvpfDTUWwT_Ruer-Y4Pg-ScNVS_I54cTQ4VaHM4Fflx1CaH6YdHQKL9McbNgXXEyzNWu7mixrQIR81hHPUZhs-MfkOpzJtB7lQoayqt5ke9P311B4Sc/s1600/Adenle-photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE5LTQIkXA6E-j2w6iJ6sgs0RV1RvpfDTUWwT_Ruer-Y4Pg-ScNVS_I54cTQ4VaHM4Fflx1CaH6YdHQKL9McbNgXXEyzNWu7mixrQIR81hHPUZhs-MfkOpzJtB7lQoayqt5ke9P311B4Sc/s200/Adenle-photo.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<strong> </strong></div>
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<strong>Where are you based?</strong></div>
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I am a research student with the West Africa Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adapted land use (WASCAL) in Nigeria.</div>
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<strong>Can you briefly describe your work in REDD+?</strong></div>
The focus of my work is to characterize local degradations and deforestations of natural environments (forests) using <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="483db48c-0044-411c-b3f8-53eb52e01e87" id="1ff5704a-2a75-4720-809c-698dcc6bc0d1">geospatial</gs> techniques. I also work closely with local communities to help them better understand the benefits of managing their natural environments and to increase their participation in local climate protection <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="51e3d35c-bcd3-470f-aaea-97711ad02993" id="03ea1276-ca8b-472a-bf3f-f61d462a42b7">programmes</gs>.</div>
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<strong>How can REDD+ Community help you do your work better?</strong></div>
So far, REDD+ has not yet been fully embraced in Nigeria. This gap necessitated my study to understand the challenges of managing pristine ecosystems in response to climate protection at local scales. I therefore would like the REDD+ Community to assist in strengthening this work through collaboration and support.</div>
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<strong>What do you like best about your work?</strong></div>
My field work experience has been and will continue to be worthwhile and challenging. I like every aspect of my field work, especially my interactions with local communities which give me a platform to learn more about what they do, how they do it, and their local ideas on issues related to climate change and climate protection. My work with communities also gives me the opportunity to develop relevant research ideas to meet their needs.</div>
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<div align="left" style="background-color: white; color: #555555; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px;">
Want to learn more? <a alt="http://reddcommunity.org/users/ademola-adenle" href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001vR7COrivVZZrMzhprq0qYMEi_RkTGwwUl9KYMwgp-cHLjQwv7wTEuLS6XnzQr1m51E2SSJV_IhifeEzOFLSqC5NBkOSI-6N8oNsOzw64pXAqVfe728Up0WdYvflrf4MPfoArrYfJprBdmefyi0CzxvWr2i11PSDHdT4I80BEH-JlvkwHKLHuKeDL81xHKKHMKDbroEGu0Nc=&c=&ch=" linktype="1" shape="rect" style="color: #056839;" target="_blank" track="on">Visit Adenle's profile</a>.</div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-59811489523550541562014-01-14T12:44:00.001-08:002014-01-14T12:44:10.364-08:00FAQ 1.1 - AR4 WGI Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science<a href="http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-1-1.html">FAQ 1.1 - AR4 WGI Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science</a>Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-28590744630505816332014-01-14T12:09:00.001-08:002014-01-14T12:09:15.932-08:00Low Emission Development Plans briefing paper | SNV World<a href="http://www.snvworld.org/node/7491/">Low Emission Development Plans briefing paper | SNV World</a>Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-49646188012393171072013-12-05T07:27:00.001-08:002013-12-05T07:27:51.196-08:00Experts say the IPCC underestimated future sea level rise<a href="http://www.skepticalscience.com/experts-IPCC-underestimated-sea-level-rise-Rahmstorf.html">Experts say the IPCC underestimated future sea level rise</a>Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-64480037097693055692013-10-13T12:12:00.003-07:002013-10-16T03:29:51.835-07:00THE WOES OF NOMADISM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The act of travelling
long distances with animal in search for grassland and water for livestock is a
predominant occupation of Fulani’ in this part of the world as It is a
generational means of livelihood as cash obtained from the sales of animal or
animal product(s) are used for the purchase other items necessary for their
living.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Provision of meat, milk,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> wool and skin are
some the economic benefits of Nomadism to households and the nation. This
animal production system and others </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">that deals with the way and manner in which
animals are solely kept or in combination with pasture land and/or arable crops
are faced with a lot of challenges. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Diminishing grazing area,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">restricted movement
enforced by development administrators,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span lang="EN-GB">t</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">heft of animals from
members of the same clans or other tribes,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;"> l</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ong daily treks
between the kraal, the pasture and the watering points, as well as i</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">nsufficient fodder
reserves as result of an inadequate fodder distribution over the year are some
of the widely registered problems of animal productions systems. Economic losses,
traumatic experiences, conflicts and competitions are some of the
reverberations that follow suite. The prevalence of harsh weather condition as
an incursion of global change (climate change) is an aggravator of these woes.
The Fulani cattle rarer, his house hold as well as his dependants can then be
termed vulnerable in all respect. Their sensitivity to grass land losses, water
stresses, as well as incessant wandering exposes them and account for their
pathetic vulnerability.</span></i><br />
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></i>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEod7cofFns5klfLtBJFC3EbLNytT8BspREaVhAPF1w1EWkVij24zoRQSLZfQxIivtwg8g8Dr67oCPcX3VFOAMn1PcGZMysU72ncMhkur8i2CFIa7mvd2HB-B_uC7ELFx5GdV5Hq5sfwW5/s1600/herd+with+Ade.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEod7cofFns5klfLtBJFC3EbLNytT8BspREaVhAPF1w1EWkVij24zoRQSLZfQxIivtwg8g8Dr67oCPcX3VFOAMn1PcGZMysU72ncMhkur8i2CFIa7mvd2HB-B_uC7ELFx5GdV5Hq5sfwW5/s320/herd+with+Ade.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<i>Plate 1: Musa with Adenle Ademola</i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 19px;">CROG in a nostalgia picture with Musa, a 23 year old Fulani cattle rarer after an informal discussion, wandering with his father’s herd in Gidan Gkwano area of Bosso LGA Niger state. The discussions confirms the challenges faced by herdsmen as found in literatures and researches, Musa lamented and complained that these challenges are worsened during the dry times because as the first son of his sick father he has to walk very long distances into distant areas and possibly sleep in the wild for some nights before returning home. It is no doubt that these challenges are faced by numerous Fulani herdsmen that we come across each day. </span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBRJrk4ECG46t3k1nGrFvFJQKC4wqQn34nUEwjwv521bQaj4OXYz7aUVjILB5YRoMsKxzXFrz6t6e8p3-yE5t-Ql3A-REhHHm3xOzggV4tcKItt7PzOQ8vAI_moTEbUm3ZgKGr3BPZ9S5u/s1600/herds+with+Ag.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBRJrk4ECG46t3k1nGrFvFJQKC4wqQn34nUEwjwv521bQaj4OXYz7aUVjILB5YRoMsKxzXFrz6t6e8p3-yE5t-Ql3A-REhHHm3xOzggV4tcKItt7PzOQ8vAI_moTEbUm3ZgKGr3BPZ9S5u/s320/herds+with+Ag.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<i>Plate 2: Musa with Akpeokhai Agatha</i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 19px;">Nigeria must plans to examine the vulnerability of Fulani cattle rarer in their subsequent research work as National Vulnerability assessment will be incomplete without their consideration.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2vKDq45A0_PJsqJ4MnFTaG9ZLzv3MFKR7ZSPK01V7X1ULpuKbDtosgXpHRiRQdVHLvgvAlqD82pHEytYHPFbSRkonY43F6-bAA7GyFm0E7kUhCXTnJCAE0dITu-cPbPREb6XVz2RsJKCy/s1600/animal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2vKDq45A0_PJsqJ4MnFTaG9ZLzv3MFKR7ZSPK01V7X1ULpuKbDtosgXpHRiRQdVHLvgvAlqD82pHEytYHPFbSRkonY43F6-bAA7GyFm0E7kUhCXTnJCAE0dITu-cPbPREb6XVz2RsJKCy/s320/animal.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<i>Plate 4: The wandering animals</i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Climate Research and Outreach Group
(CROG)…COMBINING PROFESSIONALISM WITH PASSION </span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;"><b><i>Akpeokhai Agatha and Adenle Ademola (CROG).</i></b></span></span></div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-38434912697959185432013-10-11T11:40:00.001-07:002013-10-16T03:26:31.817-07:00Fresh Water Security and Climate Change <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAqPJ4u_Tm6F6p_66wlmcW2z7uOx4MqHuz8tiG3D2uT7z-b_fx6La6cWxFHG8fX8VVNQoMdGynhyphenhyphenKUuOw413foIjXCa2u7Z9fcEwNv8Qw6rd27VE5qedqGeXl01dnFp54YbJA9-0B_9iWa/s1600/water+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><br /><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAqPJ4u_Tm6F6p_66wlmcW2z7uOx4MqHuz8tiG3D2uT7z-b_fx6La6cWxFHG8fX8VVNQoMdGynhyphenhyphenKUuOw413foIjXCa2u7Z9fcEwNv8Qw6rd27VE5qedqGeXl01dnFp54YbJA9-0B_9iWa/s320/water+.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Plate 1: Fresh water body responding to climate change (Source: Internet)</div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A water body
is said to be a fresh water if it is not marine or sea. </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lake</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">,</span><span style="color: #424242; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> river, pond, stream, brook, creek are world’s
known fresh water reservoirs which are inalienable from man’s existence. This
epitomizes one of man’s</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> prominent dependence on nature’s resources which is continuously
unending. The freshness of fresh water bodies in the past was among the
alluring reasons for human’s perpetual reliance on them. Many years before
anthropogenic degradations and pollution of fresh water, fresh waters are
nearly safe for many uses (domestic inter alia) but at present, hardly can one
vouch for a pristine water pool. Physical, chemical and biological injuries are
well known traumas of fresh waters. The quality and quantity of fresh waters
are threatened by numerous anthropo-natural processes. We often decry animal
poaching and cry out for forest conservation, security and sustainability. In
the same vein, we must not de-emphasize that of fresh water not even in the
face of enigmatic climate change which scientists have affirmed with a gold
standard of 95% to be caused by human activities. Climate change is an affirmed
stressor of fresh water, a plucky stressor that is well-conceived and acclaimed
in lectures and researches.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM55tZuAstn0cKWFSJxZYGi4SbBO1MJOwTn7txwFHoObgK69KXoImd9OL6vJzLOTrRmHeHfTY3SbChpiAJhQJHaESEs8v6uVHa33tyk38YTtrgSW7gWHu1iq_6vHs5jz7KGST_hevv4etj/s1600/boy+2+Untitled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM55tZuAstn0cKWFSJxZYGi4SbBO1MJOwTn7txwFHoObgK69KXoImd9OL6vJzLOTrRmHeHfTY3SbChpiAJhQJHaESEs8v6uVHa33tyk38YTtrgSW7gWHu1iq_6vHs5jz7KGST_hevv4etj/s320/boy+2+Untitled.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Plate 2: The vulnerables (Source: Internet)</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Logically, a stress on fresh water purports an
attendant stress on its gutless dependant. In Africa alone, climate change have
been premeditated to expose 75 million to 250 million more people to increased
water stress by 2020 FAO,(2011). This projection is to crave the indulgence
Africans and humanity on the need to salvage and secure fresh water from
climate stress and to avoid humanitarian emergencies that are likely to emerge
from water stress. It has also been estimated that the number of people that
will be affected by climate-related humanitarian crisis will rise by 54% to 375
million by 2015 FAO, (2011).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_pU0QWkEjQdFe4F45U2NvDVd6eiWM7fTbo9rLvIINRHEQEJdWwzDToMyvePsxdHmI-HUFN-clSgH4rc0qSQhRNVsY8lkIgJ6p4uA8ydtkELWPGmT5wZVJDdqmsvGiJcCAtObryBg5qL-o/s1600/3++Untitled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_pU0QWkEjQdFe4F45U2NvDVd6eiWM7fTbo9rLvIINRHEQEJdWwzDToMyvePsxdHmI-HUFN-clSgH4rc0qSQhRNVsY8lkIgJ6p4uA8ydtkELWPGmT5wZVJDdqmsvGiJcCAtObryBg5qL-o/s320/3++Untitled.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Plate 3: The vulnerables (Source: Internet)</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Humanitarian
effects of climate change will leave no one out, the children and women are
most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, the developing countries will
have their tales while the developed countries have their take.</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> We must address the nexus
between fresh water security, human prosperity and well-being in view of the changing
climate. Water security for man’s existence will encompass </span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">access to sanitized clean water, as these are
fundamental drivers for poverty reduction, food security, gender equality and
environmental sustainability which the security of fresh water bodies promises
in view of the millennium development goals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-78506084685181781732013-10-09T04:57:00.002-07:002013-10-09T15:00:46.409-07:0095% CONFIDENCE LEVEL........................<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> Science
is the systematic body of knowledge that has helped man to unravel myths,
shatter superstitions and demystify mysteries as well enigmatic concepts and
situations. Science is more of a search light to man that enlightens man, guide
his explanations and brings his decision to a logical conclusion. Without it man
will be an ignoramus and will continually be subjected to the ideas of great
men alone without verifications. Science is illuminating while scientists can
be said to be illuminators. In diverse concerns of human </span><span style="line-height: 18.18181800842285px;">endeavour</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> you will find
scientists with apt disciplinary methodologies and protocols to undertake and
drive decisions into rational deductions. The debate on the enigmatic causes of
climate change has been on, with the for and against proponents over whether
climate change was anthropogenically induced or not. The Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1989 was grafted into the scene by United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and World Meteorological Organization
(WMO), with three working groups which focused on the scientific assessment of
climate change, environmental and socio-economic impacts and response
strategies, prognosticating the wide range of challenges that humanity would
face as it entered the new millennium. The IPCC’s scientific assessments have
produced four long-winded reports with the four preceding accounts tinged with their
levels of confidence as well as the unalloyed </span></span><span style="line-height: 18.18181800842285px;">scepticisms</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> and disbeliefs by deniers for reasons best known to them. Most recently, the fifth assessment
report (AR5) was accounted with a confidence level of 95% that the causes of
climate change are laconically anthropogenic. A reliability measure of 95% on any
research is statistically and conventionally a gold standard on planet earth.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i> The first
implication of this report is that researchers can now quote with a higher assertion
and confidence the definitions attributing climate change to human activities, which
corroborates the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),
definition of climate change in its Article 1, defining climate change as: “a change of climate which is attributed
directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the
global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparable time periods.”<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i> Also, climate
change deniers can now attune themselves with the argument and claims of IPCC
that climate change is man induced, hence a need for deniers to decamp and
boldly pitch their tents with their opponents as well as convince their allies
to consolidate the fight against harsh climate crisis. <o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNbC13Ac6xB67be9P4xJiav6PypgobUks6I046Ct7kOYYRxSViTD2uArBTorPNGZgLciE1o9uIEI-AqRBmwmnjgvnEXwrTqWw7mMB9McOxnDIbPhCaUFn0t-5YBrZZOpuxW5dcGfvUBtgT/s1600/95.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNbC13Ac6xB67be9P4xJiav6PypgobUks6I046Ct7kOYYRxSViTD2uArBTorPNGZgLciE1o9uIEI-AqRBmwmnjgvnEXwrTqWw7mMB9McOxnDIbPhCaUFn0t-5YBrZZOpuxW5dcGfvUBtgT/s320/95.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
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<i><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Furthermore,
climate change mitigation efforts must be consolidated bearing in mind that the
Scientific report AR5 has for the first time</span></span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> set an upper limit on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions,
contending that humanity can combust only one-third of the 3 trillion tons of
fossil fuels that still remain in the ground. Equally, the prophesy of IPCC on
the trillionth ton of carbon that will be released around 2040 and beyond as
well as what is in stock for the world in terms of destabilizing temperature
increases exceeding 2<sup>0</sup>C, or 3.6<sup>0</sup>F must not be treated with kids glove.</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<i><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Additionally,
adaptation, the philosophy of living with climate changes, its attendant
challenges and opportunities should be more concerted among developing
countries with the assistance from the developed powers because</span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Climate change will hit poor countries the
hardest (UNDP),<span class="apple-converted-space"> the vulnerable and the
exposed. The sensitive must therefore be identified and shielded from the
likely impacts of climate change, their adaptive capacities, coping strategies
and indigenous responses must be strengthened. </span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i> Finally, with
the confidence level of anthropogenic climate change, the quest and the tenets
of sustainable development must be upheld by all and integrated into the agenda
of every nation and the programmes of every region.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i> In conclusion,
it now crystal clear and even more lucid that perturbations in climate is
grossly anthropogenically driven as an evidence of unsustainable living, a
reminder on the need for sustainable development which will bridge </i></span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>our past with our present and our future and
also bridge our planet to our people and our prosperity</i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i>. AR5 further supports the need for sustainable
development. If this group (IPCC) comprising hundreds of scientists can give 95%
confidence level that climate change is caused by man’s unsustainable living on
the planet in the past, then no other group of scientists can give less.</i><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-70495574548886176802013-10-06T23:40:00.001-07:002013-10-07T02:01:19.183-07:00THE GOOD PEOPLE OF BUSUGI<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In view of the fact that climate change is a global
phenomenon and its impacts varies among regions and areas as well as the need
to incorporate local conditions and communities into climate change issues
necessitated a community based approach
to climate change. It is in that light that a community based project was
organized for the MRP (Master Research Programme) students of West African
Science Service on Climate and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL). The project was set
to familiarize the students with a local community in their environment and how
the locals have been faring in their responses to climate change as well as the
impact of climate change on rural economies. The community based project was
set to bring the theoretical knowledge on climate change and it impact into
real life situation. Climate Research and Outreach Group (CROG) was involved in
the project, with this report on the good people of Busugi.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One
may wonder “what / where is BUSUGI”? Come with me…………<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Welcome
on board into the land of Busugi, a land where visitors are accepted
wholeheartedly and treated as part of one big family, a warm wish of safety as
you explore the exceedingly pleasing atmosphere of this community.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The name Busugi<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The name Busugbin now Busugi as was told means Hyena
Cave (Busu-Hyena) Gbin(cave). This name came to being because hyenas were the
dominant wild animals at the current location of the community at that time. It
was from Busugi that other surrounding communities and villages in the likes
Beji developed. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Busugi
is now a community located in Beji district Bosso local government area of
Niger state. It lies approximately between latitude 09.6126<sup>0</sup>N-09.6195<sup>0</sup>N
and longitude 06.2669<sup>0</sup>E-06.2800<sup>0</sup>E, the center of the
village is at latitude 09.61121<sup>0</sup>N and longitude 006.26508<sup>0</sup>E
and at an elevation of 257m.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Its origin<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Busugi community did not just sit where it is today,
it was said to have originated from two hunters (one from Kuta area and the
other from Nupe area). They first settled there in the 17th century, and at the
time they became aware of each other’s presence each conceived in secret to
offer to the other a part of their next catch (which is usually the arm)
according to the tradition of hunters. Interestingly
and unknown to each other they both set out the same day to offer the gifts and
so the hunters met on the way, on meeting, one of them hid his meat and the
other man gave his own portion of the meat and by tradition, the recipient became
the leader.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Settlement type: </span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Busugi community depicts a typical rural nucleated
settlement with the houses built closely together round the centre of the
village.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Administrative organization:</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> The hunter that
received the gift became the first leader of the community and from then the
leadership position has been passed on from parents to offspring. Currently,
leadership is distributed in a hierarchy as depicted by the organogram below.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPOJAY99B-H17WdaBlDioiTiGTU8l7Hiti03Z2kcmSvI7KXXDEL8MXH9cfaz2Y9dCQ1p_vQRkZfvdhmpA9jwggZvI-3WPecTWHcieioBSBs0KJPOZuq_RaOjBxPe2qmf0VeBdS0RoUK2fd/s1600/organogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPOJAY99B-H17WdaBlDioiTiGTU8l7Hiti03Z2kcmSvI7KXXDEL8MXH9cfaz2Y9dCQ1p_vQRkZfvdhmpA9jwggZvI-3WPecTWHcieioBSBs0KJPOZuq_RaOjBxPe2qmf0VeBdS0RoUK2fd/s320/organogram.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fig 1: Organogram of leadershipin Busugi</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Language: </span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Predominantly, Gbagi language is predominantly spoken
by the community, although they also speak Nupe as a result of intermarriage
between them and the Nupes and because Busugi community located between the
Gwari and the Nupe Kingdoms served as a route and a rest place for the people
from Bida and Lemu on their way to and from Minna thus bringing about an
inter-mingling of language.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ethnic composition:</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Busugi community is
predominantly composed of the Gbagis and Nupes. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Distinct characteristics: </span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The community is
distinctively characterized for pottery and hunting.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Population: </span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The village has a total population of about 5,000
though some have migrated to other areas in search of better job opportunities
and are not currently in the village.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Religion: </span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The community is composed of predominantly Muslims
with the Christians among them mostly visitors. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Occupation and economic activities: </span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The major occupation of
the men are hunting, farming, herdsmen and trading while the women engaged in
pottery, shea butter processing and trading. There is no market in Busugi
village however the closest market is Beji market. Busugi and all the
surrounding villages in the area have a central market at Beji along Zungeru-
Minna road. At Beji market, all household goods in addition to food items are
sold. However, the stalls are constructed with wood and in some cases; businesses
are conducted in the open as well as under the trees.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>Plate1
shows economic activities in Busugi (Source: Authors)</b></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">STATE
OF SOCIAL AND INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES IN BUSUGI<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Housing:</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> The houses in the community are basically
constructed locally, employing local technology and the use of local materials
such as mud for the walls and thatch or zinc sheets for roofs, though a few
houses are constructed with concrete and zinc roof sheets.</span></i></div>
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<i style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>Plate
2: Typical houses in Busugi (Source: Authors)</b></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Source of water:</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Busugi community is blessed with a few streams and
wells that provide water for domestic use. Nevertheless, there is also a hand
pump bole behind the village that provides portable water for community. The
borehole also provides water in addition to a constructed pond during the dry
season when streams and wells dry up.<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></i></div>
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<i style="line-height: 200%; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>Plate
3: Source of water supply for the village (Source: Authors)</b></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Education:</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Alas, Busugi as a community has only a primary and
an Islamic school, the closest secondary school to Busugi village is Beji
secondary school located in the district of Beji. <b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Roads:</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> The community connects to Zungeru –Minna main express
road through an un-tarred road.<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Health facilities: </span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There is no health
facilities in Busugi community rather the community is served by the local
health office located at Beji district.<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Transportation: </span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The most common means of transportation in Busugi is
by motorcycles, although few of their people own vehicles (Cars, Buses,
Pick-ups and Lorries) which they use for different purposes and for conveying
farm produce to various localities. Bicycles are also used by some villagers.<b><u><o:p></o:p></u></b></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Electricity:</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Although Busugi community is located in the power
state, the community is not connected to the national grid for electricity
supply.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">THE
HOSPITALITY OF THE PEOPLE OF BUSUGI<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The friendliness of the
people of Busugi was applaudable in every respect. Food, farm produce, live
chicken and pottery works were some of the souvenirs given to the scholars that
participated in the project. </span></i></span><span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
young men and women alongside the elders were welcoming, showing a high level
of cordiality. The children never hesitated in their openness to the strangers
as they willingly took pictures with the scholars and even craved to be carried
by them.</span></i></span><span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b style="line-height: 200%;"><span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 200%;">Plate 4: Picture with
children and women in Busugi (Source: Authors)</span></i></span></b></div>
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<span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Joyously, the young
women entertained the scholars with the local songs and dances of their community.
Sounds were produced from a locally improvised drum using a calabash submerged
in a big bowl of water.</span></i></span></div>
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<span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jokingly, the male
scholars were encouraged to ask for the hand of any of their young girls in
marriage after proper consultation, this further shows the hospitality of the
people</span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.
</span></i><span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
community leader thanked the group for their visit and promised the unalloyed
attention of the community in future researches. The scholars were highly
elated for being involved in a community based research.</span></i></span><span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXgodoxqI9Cl2jBKbz5DXTh7szWQjVvm9ijNds9f4TyO2OLLXREMClndfiPZxeYH1evPetT-EIo_1vcsCSzonjcMpy-YZv21GoaJQnJlIATMTEglypkrN2rxc3h0VKivMmZwCEbZBoOAra/s1600/web+L.+Hospitality.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXgodoxqI9Cl2jBKbz5DXTh7szWQjVvm9ijNds9f4TyO2OLLXREMClndfiPZxeYH1evPetT-EIo_1vcsCSzonjcMpy-YZv21GoaJQnJlIATMTEglypkrN2rxc3h0VKivMmZwCEbZBoOAra/s320/web+L.+Hospitality.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Plate 5: Hospitality at its climax in Busugi
community<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></div>
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<span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>In conclusion</b>, finding
good people is like searching for a pin in hay’s sack, a search that is near
futility but finding the good people of Busugi was a rewarding search. The people
of Busugi are good in every regard, from the highest to the least person in the
community, in their culture, civility as well as their hospitality, all these
and more epitomizes their virtuousness. </span></i></span><span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nevertheless, the
people in their good state are faced with challenges on a daily basis as their
basic livelihoods are threatened and their survival in the face global change
(climate change) looks bleak. Researches and reports by West Africa Science
Service Centre on Climate change and Adapted Landuse (WASCAL) FUT Minna and
Climate Research and Outreach Group (CROG) have been well documented that
drying streams, ground aquifer dehydration, agricultural losses, loss of native
breeds, pond shrinkages among others are the major recursive impacts of climate
change on these people with sound recommendation proffered. </span></i></span><span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<br />
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<span class="Heading2Char"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>The analogous
question being asked in the quest for a rapid response to the ordeal of these
people is how can we help the good people of Busigi? Which in addendum extents
to when will this help come and who will help these people?</b><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Akpeokhai Agatha and AdenleAdemola (CROG)<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-25224584081789492882013-10-02T13:58:00.003-07:002013-10-11T23:25:45.801-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt;">The Water that kills ! !! !!!</span></b><br />
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<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The recent assertion by World Bank
that “1 in 7 people lacks access to clean water” on its website (.</span><a href="http://www.worldbank.org/ida/theme-climate.html?cid=EXT_FBWB_D_EXT"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://www.worldbank.org/ida/theme-climate.html?cid=EXT_FBWB_D_EXT</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> drives home the fact that
the quest to achieve a sustainable water utilization and availability is still
a global challenge, a goal far from being reached. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQTdNUuab7BP_Y2PZtmu3VgihYobjPsVGp55FqnvUAiWY43lPORcuWoXOaVJmSAY7GDNNHWAYKdpNCJ5nrqp7tF4ESu5_tQlalrD-mswdOfS12PQCV5_lKSFFIcwz5Cd5EgVckHwRXsHD-/s1600/cup.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQTdNUuab7BP_Y2PZtmu3VgihYobjPsVGp55FqnvUAiWY43lPORcuWoXOaVJmSAY7GDNNHWAYKdpNCJ5nrqp7tF4ESu5_tQlalrD-mswdOfS12PQCV5_lKSFFIcwz5Cd5EgVckHwRXsHD-/s200/cup.jpg" width="179" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13pt;">Plate 1: Water that kills (Source: World Bank)</span></div>
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</div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">A sustainable water utilization and availability in
every respect will bridge the gap between the planet, the people, their
prosperity and their well-being. Breathtakingly, from World Bank it was stated
that “Even though two-thirds of the earth is covered with water, only one
percent is drinkable” this reveals that globally, water is available but not potable.
This also reinforces the challenges of water quality. The report further claimed
that “Every day, more than one billion people struggle to find water—water that
will likely make them sick”. This in addendum raised another eyebrow about the
quality of water and its accessibility. Struggling to find water will entail
the competitions for water especially in areas with water shortages or zones
with multiple demands over same water source. It will also involve the stress
of purifying dirty water as well as the burden of carrying or transporting
water through long distances. These assertions are axiomatic to suffering in
the mist of plenty.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzOt3r8cQSFrXdXNnN271IAo-lfTi9cSsC74TlShQItao-Oz5Z9ftpOH-YupnLqsFIG-HvHaXXKH0hqTRogE9vhjbmpgxqIQXk5DAGdtX01Si3hkv3i57-66C4loEvWc4DQT6jD6RKyS4O/s1600/carrying.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzOt3r8cQSFrXdXNnN271IAo-lfTi9cSsC74TlShQItao-Oz5Z9ftpOH-YupnLqsFIG-HvHaXXKH0hqTRogE9vhjbmpgxqIQXk5DAGdtX01Si3hkv3i57-66C4loEvWc4DQT6jD6RKyS4O/s320/carrying.jpg" width="268" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Plate 2: the burden
of transporting water (Source: Curt Carnemark/The World Bank)</span><br />
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<b><span style="background: white; color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Case study </span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">A decent case of people fulfilling
these proclamations by World Bank are the good people of Busugi village in
Niger state, Nigeria. They Labour to find water during the dry season when the
only functioning borehole in the village would have dried up as a result of aquifer
dehydration and stream drying. The streams become dried as a consequence of
high evaporation rate during the dry season turning the stream routes to
footpaths.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Fig 1: Streams
around Busugi that dries up during dry season (Source: Authors via Map source
for Nigeria).<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;">The
dryness of water bearing rocks and small streams were infrequent in times past
but now they are recurrently hastened up by climate change, which makes the villagers
revert to a locally constructed earthen pond that is also being threatened by
climate change. The pond is located North-West of the village serving multiple
purposes to the villagers and others that depend on it, such as the Fulani cattle
herdsmen, hunters, potters and farmers. Competitions among users during the dry
season usually result in conflicts and most observably the gross contamination
of the dam by the users. Sadly, Women and children travel an average distant of
1.04km to fetch water from this pond for domestic use. </span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Fig 2: Caption showing
the location of earthen pond and the village (Source: Authors via Google Earth)</span><br />
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Fig 3: Caption
showing the average distant travelled by women and children to collect water (Source:
Authors via Google Earth).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">The water
from the earthen pond is a polite model of water that could cause various ailments,
and perfect example of water that kills. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Plate 3:
showing sample collected from earthen dam (Source: Authors).</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color: red;"><b>How best
can we help the good people of Busugi and many more people that depend on water
that kills?.... Remember:</b></span></span><br />
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<strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><i>We are facing a global water crisis:* 18% of the world’s population lack access to safe drinking water, and 42% lack access to basic sanitation. More than 2.2 million people die each year from diseases associated with these conditions. As water scarcity grows, so will these numbers. By 2025, it is estimated that two thirds of the world’s population will live in areas facing moderate to severe water stress.</i></strong><br />
<strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/factsheet.html" style="color: #003399; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/factsheet.html</a></strong></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">Study was done on May 11, 2013 by Adenle
Ademola and other WASCAL scholars under the aegis of West Africa Science Center
on Climate Change and Adapted Land use (ZEF) Bonn Germany /(FUT, Minna).</span></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Authors: Adenle Ademola and Akpeokhai Agatha (CROG).<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-2607838989503637052013-09-29T11:55:00.000-07:002013-09-29T14:11:10.880-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: #333333;"> </span><b><span style="color: red;">Tobacco defenders and Climate deniers !!!!</span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: 19px; line-height: 21px;"><b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There is a
confirmation among scientists to attune of 95% certainty that tobacco smoking is
harmful to health, so dittos the case of human provoked climate changes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #363636; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tell them
that tobacco smoking is dangerous to health or that smokers are liable to die
young, they will not agree because they are </span></span><span style="background: white; color: #363636; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tobacco defenders. In the same spirit, tell
them that climate change is anthropogenically induced or that GHG and deforestation
inter alia are linked to global warming, ozone layer depletion, sea level
rise, flooding etc. They will not agree because they are climate
deniers. They are therefore ontological specimens of the same plume who
invariably congregates to the closest proximity (Birds of the same
feather who flock together).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #363636; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The similarities between the schools are that</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> both acts are harmful, lives are involved, both can be mitigated or stopped with determination and sacrifice, and that </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">both
have economic nexus among others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzp_nUdI0DXApOodx2Tg9ktXaWQclVT4W7tMR_1eWQ5uskAJB5FQAfGi0rrET1_tyAkQ59LcUdyxBAzmmdiUPJ7msglK095zgj-nSyQR94UUqDhvitsJbWaVMeN4vCDNBjmx3WetOxnawL/s1600/00000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzp_nUdI0DXApOodx2Tg9ktXaWQclVT4W7tMR_1eWQ5uskAJB5FQAfGi0rrET1_tyAkQ59LcUdyxBAzmmdiUPJ7msglK095zgj-nSyQR94UUqDhvitsJbWaVMeN4vCDNBjmx3WetOxnawL/s320/00000.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source <a href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/what-95-certainty-warming-means-scientists">http://bigstory.ap.org/article/what-95-certainty-warming-means-scientists</a></td></tr>
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<span style="background: white; color: #363636; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The differences between them are that while tobacco smoking
is a self-inflicted harm, anthropogenic climate change will result into humanitarian crisis. The former is a personal suicide as the latter is tantamount to homicide, genocide,
or even holocaust. A 95% gold standard affirmation is rational enough to serve
as a deterrent from smoking and a warning against unsustainable development.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-80367365669205239462013-09-29T08:22:00.000-07:002013-10-02T15:16:08.194-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Surface water reservoir attesting to the impact of climate change in Nigeria.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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The rural community of Busugi ,Niger state, Nigeria is already feeling the impacts of climate change
in their day to day activities .Their only source of water (the village earthen dam for rain water storage) during dry season is now
drying up faster than before, with obvious shrinkages and prolong
soil crusting noticed around the
dam. below are some of the pictures affirming the impacts.<o:p></o:p><br />
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Pictures captured on May11,2013 during a community based adaptation study on the impacts of climate change by Adenle Ademola and other WASCAL Scholars. A study sponsored by West Africa science Service on Climate Change and Adapted Land use (WASCAL), ZEF Bonn,Germany .<br />
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com1Baffin Region, NU, Canada63.6267446447533 -76.289062559.9980706447533 -86.616210999999993 67.2554186447533 -65.961914000000007tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-89847410337364395522013-09-13T14:43:00.001-07:002013-09-13T14:54:14.484-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Algerian; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">LIVING
WITH CLIMATE CHANGE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm1VxwD7t7q-IX9Cy6nWTrqcfXWytOhwetFCV8ddlqvq5z0Qrk8pL-W9qJUgWTjJ3jTz9PqUATfdCmSe8cbsUFYTBIWLrbKcDJLYKHrXxQPfXQoe-qljK28_Z_8iMMvSCzYCKBb1Bq6UVR/s1600/pic+...jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm1VxwD7t7q-IX9Cy6nWTrqcfXWytOhwetFCV8ddlqvq5z0Qrk8pL-W9qJUgWTjJ3jTz9PqUATfdCmSe8cbsUFYTBIWLrbKcDJLYKHrXxQPfXQoe-qljK28_Z_8iMMvSCzYCKBb1Bq6UVR/s200/pic+...jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">We cannot abscond
from the </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">up-shots</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> of earlier unsustainable lifestyles that we inherited; we can only
learn to live with it. Climate change interalia is one of the laconic outcomes.
Accepting that the climate is not as it used to be that is “the climate is
changing or has changed”, is the first action to putting up with climate
change. Change in any form brings about survival and climate change cannot be
excluded. The doctrine of living with climate change must be embraced as rule. Living
with climate change is a possibility, a welcomed philosophy that is accepted
internationally and practiced consciously or unconsciously at local and
household levels. Adaptation is an initiative of living or existing with climate
change while addressing its consequences and impacts.</span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><i> </i></span></div>
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<i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLt0WO0OccvKVB57j2KA2J7mqCc4CiyA7GmVFBjjYKRyt7ZTAY9OYBPUZvK03gelthnobs9C8zjCijBquv0DlC_ffIBICS6MoLfEqE3muxGjOTei1Sib4-f4LmLm8opFFb5PbAEWzMDaHF/s1600/Untitled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLt0WO0OccvKVB57j2KA2J7mqCc4CiyA7GmVFBjjYKRyt7ZTAY9OYBPUZvK03gelthnobs9C8zjCijBquv0DlC_ffIBICS6MoLfEqE3muxGjOTei1Sib4-f4LmLm8opFFb5PbAEWzMDaHF/s200/Untitled.jpg" width="200" /></a></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
aftermath of prior unsustainable living gave birth to climate change then our
response as human-beings is to adapt. Adaptation is a well-used concept in many
discourses and discipline with definitions slanting towards the disciplinary
protocol or the context within which it is used. In natural sciences,
adaptation broadly refers to the development of genetic or behavioural
characteristics which enable organisms or systems to cope with environmental
changes in order to survive and reproduce.” Social science disciplines, including
anthropology, archaeology and political ecology utilize the term adaptation in
reference to human systems. Denevan defined adaptation as “cultural practices
that allow societies to survive (and beyond that, flourish) are considered
adaptations (Smith et al., 2006). In the discourse of environment especially
climate change, Adaptation is defined by IPCC (2001) as an adjustment in natural or human systems
in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which
moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.</span></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqXbTHZxu_vRnxc94pyfVBmcmY6HeonzvQQIFdASo11-3PpDUEHAsePe0rjjiZJzqMHFo1Q822nCrXvBUe-42335Of1v1NmUL7Pr6gNWCTjIgdy-urSu-r726mCwMfy2ppxjUx17AWPZvZ/s1600/pic+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqXbTHZxu_vRnxc94pyfVBmcmY6HeonzvQQIFdASo11-3PpDUEHAsePe0rjjiZJzqMHFo1Q822nCrXvBUe-42335Of1v1NmUL7Pr6gNWCTjIgdy-urSu-r726mCwMfy2ppxjUx17AWPZvZ/s200/pic+2.jpg" width="182" /></a><i></i></div>
<i> <o:p></o:p></i><br />
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Adaptation
as a doctrine is more of practical than theory. To reduce climate vulnerability
with sensitivity to climate, the idea of adaptation must be upheld. Adaptation
is progressive, and it is a survival and developmental mechanism, it is equally
environmental and human securing. The need to develop a counter measure to the
unpredicted impact of climate anomalies that threatens human existence
positioned adaptation as concept to practice. Adaptation is need for every
sector of the nation. Every living entity responds to stimulus to survive
(irritability), inability to respond or adapt to stimuli is anti-survival or
death.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Acclimatizing to climate change is continued existence;
responsiveness to climate change is life.<span style="color: #1a1a1a;"> It is not
the strongest of the species that survives nor the most intelligent, but the
one most responsive to change</span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span lang="EN">i.e. the one that is the most
adaptable to change</span></span></i><i><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (Charles Darwin).</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Living with climate
change is not an option but an art to be imbibed, an attitude to picked up and
a proficiency to be developed in the twenty first century. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-955011454229759732013-09-02T08:20:00.000-07:002013-09-02T08:25:02.546-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCKNjpFVcIWF6MUANT5TMM2VCkdhXnDnAj6BoaB7tIHzshlvRuxgg-2p4kukxv7mUUfghj8NEPsNx2ZkOb3I9Fu1Cz8-uaZY2HZjOwR2k8cJHxhALKgFJLc_NyBJ9vrUBNJDkTi3PzYQqT/s1600/scientists-clues-print.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: red;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCKNjpFVcIWF6MUANT5TMM2VCkdhXnDnAj6BoaB7tIHzshlvRuxgg-2p4kukxv7mUUfghj8NEPsNx2ZkOb3I9Fu1Cz8-uaZY2HZjOwR2k8cJHxhALKgFJLc_NyBJ9vrUBNJDkTi3PzYQqT/s400/scientists-clues-print.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">EVIDENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE</span></td></tr>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-14448036373660529172013-09-02T07:48:00.001-07:002013-09-13T09:16:42.876-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red;">OUR WORLD IS SUSTAINABLE</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sustainability
has come to stay likewise has it become a worldwide scientific concept used in
every disciplinary household. It has caused a paradigm shift in addition to the
dread caused to its doubters and deniers, especially its possibilities which is
connected to the fact that these proponents feeds and are made fat by unsustainable
living. Sustainability came to being as a result of
significant concerns about the unanticipated social, environmental, and
economic consequences of growing
population , economic growth and consumption of our natural resources. Many definitions
of sustainability exist but in most cases slants toward a win-win option for the
three pillars or spheres of sustainability i.e economic, environment and social
system. </span></i><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sustainability creates
and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in
productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other
requirements of present and future generations (National Environmental Policy
Act, 1970). Sustainability is important in making sure that we have and will
continue to have, the </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">water, materials and resources to
protect human health and our environment for generations.</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></span><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The simplest definition of sustainability is improving the quality of human life</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;"> </span></span><span style="background: white;">while
living within the carrying capacity of supporting eco-systems (</span><span style="background: white; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">IUCN/UNEP/WWFI</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background: white;"> </span></span><span style="background: white;">,1991).<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Without a sustainable living on planet earth, man will become
endangered species for which the cause is traceable to him and the solutions
can only be proffered by him. The legacy effects of past unsustainable living are
evident around us. The loss of biological diversities, expansion of world deserts,
extinctions of wetlands and natural sanctuaries, the </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">disappearance
of ecosystem services and</span></i><i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> the emergence of climate change are pointing signals of unsustainable
life styles which threaten human security and existence on this terrestrial
ball. Traffic of aftermaths has followed unsustainable living some of which include
insecurity of different kind, diseases, unanticipated environmental hazard among
others. We cannot continue to wallow in unsustainable living and expect no feed
backs or response. Everything can be and must be sustained starting from the
largest water body found in oceans to the little drops of rain water in rural
pots, from the thickest forest found in Congo basin to the scanty shrubs panting
for water in Kalahari Desert, from the well protected temperate soils to the
highly eroded tropical soils. Everything is sustainable, development is sustainable,
the nation is sustainable, the continent is sustainable and our world is sustainable.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sustainability is a precautionary call to prevent outright breakdown
of the earth. Think and act sustainably</span></i></div>
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Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3046504731460207182.post-63636178127555608972013-09-01T09:38:00.001-07:002013-09-01T09:38:44.448-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #37404e; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">According to me.<i>.......If there is magic on this planet, it is in Climate.</i></span><i><br style="background-color: white; color: #37404e; font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /></i><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #37404e; font-family: lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><i>Adenle Ademola. Interalia; The Change and Variability of the Climate, the Immense Impact, Damages, and vulnerabilities as well as the mitigations and adaptations</i> .</span></span></span></div>
Adenle Ademola http://www.blogger.com/profile/00784055232318069102noreply@blogger.com1